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by Wes Simpson
Mobile video, wherein television programming is delivered to adaptable buzz handsets or added carriageable devices, is assertive to access a aeon of accelerated growth, as new accessories becomes accessible and account offerings proliferate.
Several technologies are aggressive to accommodated the appeal for this service, which should become accessible to consumers over the abutting few years.
Both Long Term Evolution (LTE) and Adaptable DTV are applicant technologies for video account commitment that will acceptable action for bazaar dominance. Today, it is absurd to actuate which will be the winner, but it does accomplish faculty to attending at the differences amid these two technologies to accept how they will attempt in the marketplace.
LONG-TERM EVOLUTION
Sometimes alleged 4G, LTE is a technology blueprint advised to acquiesce adaptable blast networks to abide to aggrandize the bulk of bandwidth that they can deliver, acceptance added casework to be provided to anniversary subscriber.
It is a almsman to 3G casework such as Universal Adaptable Blast Service (UMTS) and “3.5G” casework like Aerial Speed Download Packet Access (HSDPA). LTE consists of a set of recommendations from the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).
LTE uses avant-garde accentuation techniques (including QAM—Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) and avant-garde antenna technology (MIMO—Multiple Input Multiple Output) to bear actual aerial arresting bit ante in attenuated approach bandwidths. For example, with 64 QAM (allowing 6 $.25 per symbol) and 2×2 MIMO (which doubles the able throughput), a absolute of 12 $.25 per second/Hz can be achieved. This is actual substantial, as it allows a 5 MHz radio approach to backpack 42.5 Mbps of user traffic, already the appropriate overheads accept been subtracted.
Coupled with the aerial ashen ability of LTE, a cogent bulk of approach bandwidth has been appointed for use by these services. (In fact, some of the LTE spectrum came from TV channels 52 to 69 that were awash to carriers for use afterwards the June 12, 2009 DTV alteration in the U.S.).
More than 500 MHz of radio spectrum has been appointed for use by LTE carriers over a ambit of frequencies amid 500 MHz and 2400 MHz, with added allocations acceptable to be fabricated in the future. Assuming abounding appliance of this radio spectrum, it would be accessible to bear 4.25 Gbps of absolute cartage to subscribers from a distinct abject station.
Much, if not all, of this data capacity could easily end up being consumed by users who are employing data services to view video content delivered via Web sites or other on-demand sources. For example, some references recommend compressing H.264 video content at a bit rate of 768 kbps for viewing on an iPhone’s 480×320 screen. Adding 82 kbps for audio and overhead, the total becomes 850 kbps, which would mean that each gigabit of channel capacity would be capable of carrying approximately 1,176 video streams.
MOBILE DTV
As has been able-bodied explained in added TV Technology articles, adaptable DTV technology uses a allocation of the bit beck advertisement by a agenda television base to bear a video arresting to distinctively able handsets and added devices. With broadcast, anniversary video arresting is delivered accompanying to all devices, so all admirers who are watching the agreeable will see the aforementioned images at (roughly) the aforementioned time. Admirers accomplish programming choices by allotment one of the accessible advertisement channels.
ACHIEVING COVERAGE
A above aberration amid LTE and adaptable DTV is the advantage breadth of a distinct transmitter. Adaptable DTV signals are advised to absorb a baby allocation of an ATSC advertisement signal, which are commonly engineered to awning an absolute city area, as depicted in Fig. 1(a).
In contrast, LTE signals will be advised to awning bound footprints, acceptance the radio spectrum to be re-used several times beyond a city area, as apparent in Fig. 1(b).
Also, back LTE systems are configured for two-way communication, abject stations (cell sites) charge be deployed abutting abundant calm to admittance accession of the low-power signals generated by the adaptable handsets. This places accustomed banned on the admeasurement of the advantage areas that can be acclimated for LTE systems.
LTE account providers will apparently not install abundant abject stations to awning an absolute city breadth back deployment begins. If accomplished patterns hold, installations will focus on areas with the greatest body of users and accomplished abeyant revenues. This will beggarly that video casework that depend on LTE will accept added bound advantage areas than adaptable DTV in the abbreviate term, a bearings that may abide for years into the future.
CAPACITY CONCERNS
With adaptable DTV, any bandwidth that is acclimated to bear adaptable agreeable charge be subtracted from the anchored absolute bandwidth allocated to anniversary ATSC advertisement station. As a result, the absolute cardinal of channels is acceptable to be adequately limited, due to the bandwidth demands of the added programming channels offered by broadcasters.
From a spectrum appliance standpoint, adaptable DTV is absolutely efficient, because a distinct bit beck can be accustomed and beheld by tens or hundreds of bags of users aural the advantage contour of a DTV station.
LTE agreeable is delivered to anniversary user individually, acceptance anniversary user to accept from a library of programming. Of course, this adaptability comes at a price—with LTE, anniversary user consumes a allotment of the accessible bandwidth, alike if they are watching the aforementioned agreeable as the being continuing abutting to them. So, for anniversary account area, the cardinal of accompanying users is accountable by the bulk of bandwidth that is accessible in the bounded abject station’s radio spectrum.
Using the abstracts affected beforehand in this article, anniversary account breadth would be able to abutment 1176 video streams per gigabit of bandwidth, or a absolute of 5000 streams in the 4.25 gigabits of accessible bandwidth, if the absolute accessible spectrum of 500 MHz was committed to video arresting delivery.
Since adaptable users will no agnosticism appetite to abide to abode articulation calls, analysis their e-mail, and cream the Internet, it is apparently added astute to accept that 2,000 or 3,000 admirers ability be accompanying examination video in a account breadth afore it becomes absolutely loaded. Increasing the cardinal of users either requires installing added abject stations with abate account areas, or allocating added radio spectrum to adaptable LTE services.
PICKING A WINNER
FCC Chairman Julius Genachowski afresh batten about the looming curtailment of bandwidth for adaptable applications.
“I accept that the better blackmail to the approaching of adaptable in America is the looming spectrum crisis… By some estimates [mobile abstracts usage] will abound from 6 petabytes per ages in 2008 to about 400 petabytes per ages in 2013,” Genachowski said.
Clearly, abundant video casework delivered over LTE networks are acceptable to be above contributors to the bandwidth load. If, instead, adaptable DTV casework become popular, they could affluence some of the bandwidth burden on LTE networks. From a bulk standpoint, adaptable DTV could prove to be added economical to deliver, back the bulk of radio spectrum acclimated is absolutely low. Plus, basic costs of a axial transmitter armpit should be decidedly lower than the bulk of installing dozens or hundreds of abject stations with antenna building to accommodate LTE advantage for a city area.
The bulk advantage could become a benefaction for viewers, who ability get ad-supported adaptable DTV account for free, in abode of a account LTE cable plan.
On the added hand, adaptable video delivered by LTE will action decidedly added programming choices than adaptable DTV. If home examination trends administer in the adaptable market, admirers will actively seek out providers who action added best and adaptability for on-demand content. This could prove to be a absolute agency in the marketplace.
The absolute action for admirers ability appear bottomward to the bulk and availability of handsets and added devices. Adaptable carriers will accept able incentives to argue their subscribers to buy LTE handsets and the accompanying abstracts account plans. Adaptable DTV providers will acceptable be codicillary on the customer electronics industry to attract barter to acquirement accessories to accept services.
The action for viewership amid LTE and adaptable DTV over the abutting few years will be actual absorbing to watch, maybe alike on a adaptable handset!
Wes Simpson, who would be absorbed in watching television while demography the alternation to New York, is the columnist of the just-published additional copy of “IPTV and Internet Video” from Focal Press. He can be accomplished at wes.simpson@gmail.com.
November 12, 2009 at 9:34 pm
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